WHAT IS ADEQUATE NOTICE OF CRIMINAL IMMUNITY?
The U. S Constitution permits a federal employees not to answer official questions put to them in any investigation proceeding, civil or criminal, formal or informal, when the answers might incriminate them in future criminal proceedings. Generally, an agency accomplishes this by giving the employees adequate notice both that they are subject to discharge for not answering and that their replies (and their fruits) cannot be employed against them in a criminal case. That is commonly known as a Kalkines right. But that leaves the question of what constitutes “adequate” notice of immunity. Continue reading